Uthman bin Affan (about 574-656) are companions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW which is Khulafah Rasyidin that the 3rd. His full name is Uthman ibn Affan Al-Amawi Al-Quarisyi, derived from the Umayyads. Born in the sixth year of the Elephant. About five years younger than Allah's Apostle SAW.
His nickname Abu Abdullah and his title Dzunnurrain (who had two light). For Dzunnuraian dubbed because the Prophet married her two daughters to Uthman; Roqqoyah and Umm Kulthum. When Umm Kulthum's death, the Prophet said: "Had we had a third daughter, I would marry you." From his marriage with Roqoyyah born boys. But not until her son died at the age of 6 years in the year 4 AH.
Uthman was a wealthy merchant but generous. He was a wealthy cloth merchant, he spent this wealth in order to get the pleasure of Allah, namely for the construction of the Islamic ummah and height. He has a wealth of cattle more than the other Arabs.
When the infidels Quarisy torture against Muslims, then Uthman ibn Affan ordered to emigrate to Habsyah (Abyssinia, Ethiopia). Also participated with his friend Abu Khudzaifah, Zubir bin Awwam, Abdurrahman bin Auf and others. After that comes all that he commands the Prophet migrated to Medina. So by not thinking longer term, he left property, commercial businesses and households to meet the call of Allah and His Messenger. He Hijrah together with the other immigrants.
In the event Hudaibiyah, Uthman sent by Abu Sofyan Rasullah to meet in Mecca. Uthman ordered the Prophet to assert that the party of Madinah would only worship at the Kaaba, and then immediately returned to Medina, not to fight the inhabitants of Mecca.
The atmosphere was tense when Uthman was kenjung back. The Muslims to make a pledge Rizwan - prepare to die together to save Uthman. But the bloodshed did not end there. Abu Sofyan and sent Suhail ibn Amir to negotiate with the Prophet Muhammad. The result of negotiations known as the Treaty Hudaibiyah.
During the Prophet was alive, Uthman never trusted by the Prophet to become mayor of Medina, the two times during the term of office. First in war Dzatir Riqa and the second time, when the Prophet SAW was waging war Ghatfahan.
Uthman bin Affan was a famous economist, but his high social life. He did not hesitate to spend wealth for the benefit of Religion and the general public.
For example:
1. Uthman bin Affan buy its water from wells that clear a Jew for 200,000 dirhams which is roughly equal to two and a half kg of gold at that time. The well was he wakafkan to common people's interests.
2. Expanding the Medina mosque and bought land nearby.
3. He donated the 1000 camels and 70 horses, plus private donations in 1000 Dirhams for the war of Tabuk, the value is equal to one-third the cost of the expedition.
4. In the reign of Abu Bakr, Uthman also provides transported wheat with 1000 camels to help the poor who suffer in the dry season.
Caliphate Period
Uthman ibn Affan became caliph on the basis of deliberation and decision-sixth session of the Committee, whose members are elected by the Caliph Umar ibn khatab before he died. The six member committee that is Ali bin Abi Talib, Uthman ibn Affan, Abdurrahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqas, Zubair and Talha bin bin Awwam Ubaidillah.
Three days after the death of Umar bin khatab, bersidanglah these six committees. Abdurrahman bin Auff began talks with say who among them who are willing to resign. He then declared himself withdrew from the nomination. Three others followed. Stay Uthman and Ali. Abdurrahman appointed to be the deciding factor. He then met a lot of people asked for their opinions. But public opinion was divided.
That said, most people do tend to choose Uthman. Sidangpun decided Ustman as caliph. Ali could protest. Abdurrahman is Ustman-in-law. They both Umayyad family. While Ali, as Muhammad, is a family of Hashim. Since long time the two families compete. But Abdurrahman convince Ali that his decision was purely of conscience. Ali then accept the decision.
So the caliph Uthman ibn Affan became the third and the oldest. At the time appointed, he has 70 years of age. This incident occurred in the month of Muharram in 24 AH The announcement made after completion Prayer dimasjid Medina.
Kekhalifannya period is a time the most prosperous and prosperous. It is said that the story until the pilgrim people many times.
He was the first caliphs who expanded the mosque of al-Haram (Makkah) and Nabawi mosque (Madina) because of increasingly crowded Muslims who perform the five pillars of Islam (pilgrimage). He sparked the idea of police security for their people, create a special building for the tribunals and try the case. This has never previously undertaken by the Caliph. Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khotob usually hear a case at the mosque.
In his day, Eid al-Fitr sermon and adha come before the prayer. So also adzhan first Friday prayers. He ordered the Muslims at that time to revive the empty lands for agricultural purposes.
In his time, widen the expansion of Islamic power. For the first time, Islamic mempunnyai a formidable fleet. Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan that controls the territory of Syria, Palestine and Lebanon to build the fleet. About 1,700 boats used to develop the area to the islands in the Mediterranean. Cyprus, Island Rodhes battered. Konstantinopelpun was surrounded.
Achievements gained during he became Caliph, among others:
1. Conquest of Syria, then mengakat Mu'awiyah as governor.
2. Conquest of North Africa, and mengakat Amr bin Ash as governor there.
3. Arjan and the Persian conquest of the region.
4. Conquest of Khurasan and Nashabur in Iran.
5. Expanding the Prophet's Mosque, Madinah and the Holy Mosque, Mecca.
6. Standardize and formalize Manuscripts called Utsamani manuscripts, namely the holy book the Qur'an that are used by all Muslims throughout the world today. Caliph Ustman make five copies of the Qur'an and Islam spread to various areas.
7. Every Friday he was set free a slave (if any)
He died in the year 35 AH Hajj in the age of 82 after serving as Deputy for 12 years. He was buried in Baqi cemetery in Madina
